The second national confederate flag of the Confederate States of America was the “Stainless Banner”, which was used from 1863 to 1865. The flag was designed to have a white field with a red background, a blue saltire bordered in white, and five-pointed stars that corresponded to the number of Confederate States. The flag had a 2:1 ratio, but was often manufactured with a 3:2 ratio.  

The Confederate Congress requested many designs for the second national flag, but most were based on the Battle Flag, which was already popular in the Confederacy. The identity of the flag’s designer is still debated.This flag, adopted on May 1, 1863, served as the official banner of the Confederate States of America until March 4, 1865. Its design and symbolism reflect the Confederate identity during the Civil War, making it a subject of historical significance and debate. In this article, we’ll delve into its origins, symbolism, and role in the Confederacy.

Origins of the Second National Confederate Flag

In the spring of 1862, dissatisfaction with the First National Flag, commonly known as the “Stars and Bars,” led to calls for a redesign. Critics argued that the “Stars and Bars” bore too much resemblance to the United States flag, especially on the battlefield, where its similarity often caused confusion. The Confederate Congress responded by seeking a new national emblem that would better represent the Confederate cause.

The winning design incorporated elements already popular in Confederate imagery. The blue saltire (a diagonal cross) with thirteen white stars, representing the Confederate states, was retained from the battle flags used by various regiments. This iconic canton was placed on a stark white field, giving the flag its distinctive appearance and earning it the nickname “Stainless Banner.”

Symbolism of the Stainless Banner

The Second National Flag was designed to convey a specific message about the Confederate States. The white field was intended to symbolize the “purity” of the Confederate cause, as perceived by its creators. The canton of the battle flag, prominently featuring the blue saltire with white stars on a red background, was a nod to the bravery and unity of Confederate soldiers on the battlefield.

However, the symbolism of the white field has been a point of contention. While its designers claimed it represented purity, others have interpreted it as an assertion of white supremacy, given the sociopolitical context of the Confederacy. This duality continues to fuel discussions about the flag’s legacy.

Challenges and Criticism

Despite its striking design, the Second National Flag faced practical issues. Its predominantly white field caused it to be mistaken for a flag of truce, particularly when it hung limply without the canton visible. This unintended association with surrender led to widespread criticism among Confederate leaders and soldiers.

To handle these concerns, the Confederate Congress adopted a revised version of the flag on March 4, 1865. This Third National Flag, known as the “Revised Stainless Banner,” added a vertical red stripe to the fly end of the flag, making it more distinguishable from a truce flag.

The Second National Flag on the Battlefield

Although intended as a national emblem, the Second National Flag also made appearances in battle. It was often carried alongside the battle flag, which remained the preferred standard for military use due to its practicality and clear visibility. The Second National Flag’s white field, while symbolic, was not ideal for battlefield conditions, where flags needed to stand out amid smoke and chaos.

Legacy of the Second National Confederate Flag

The Second National Confederate Flag remains a polarizing symbol. For some, it represents a significant chapter in the history of the Confederacy. For others, it is a reminder of the systemic injustices and ideologies the Confederacy upheld. Its design, while visually striking, carries with it the weight of the historical context in which it was created.

Today, the Second National Flag is displayed in museums and historical sites, including the Confederate Memorial State Historic Site in Missouri. These exhibits aim to educate visitors about its history, design, and symbolism while encouraging reflection on the broader implications of Confederate iconography.

The Evolution of Confederate Flags

The Second National Flag was just one step in the evolution of Confederate symbols. From the “Stars and Bars” to the “Revised Stainless Banner,” each flag reflected the changing priorities and challenges of the Confederacy during the Civil War. The battle flag, with its blue saltire and red field, became the most enduring symbol, often overshadowing the national flags in cultural memory.

Conclusion

The Second National Confederate Flag, the “Stainless Banner,” offers a window into the complex history of the Civil War era. Its design was both a statement of Confederate identity and a source of practical challenges. While its legacy is contentious, studying the flag provides valuable insights into the values and struggles of the Confederate States. Whether displayed in historical contexts or debated in public discourse, the flag serves as a reminder of a deeply divided period in American history.

Further Reading: 10 Secrets the Union Never Knew About Confederate Generals